Secure and resilient clean energy supply chains are essential to ensure sustainable economic growth and the energy transition. Massive investments are required in the global energy system for countries to fulfill their Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) commitments made under the Paris Agreement. Recent minerals supply disruptions have exposed the vulnerabilities of global mineral supply chains. Governments have adopted different strategies for their mineral supply security. The discussion focused on the vulnerabilities of mineral supply chains, the options to secure supply, and the opportunities that arise for developing resource-rich countries.