The transition to net zero and subsequent appetite for electric vehicles, wind turbines, solar panels and new electricity connections will require huge quantities of ‘energy transition minerals’ such as cobalt, copper, graphite and lithium. This offers an opportunity for many resource-rich countries to generate additional government revenues from the extraction of their mineral reserves, fueling economic growth and development. How large will these additional revenues be? And what can countries do to maximize the opportunities? This session presented new estimates of the revenue potential from mining of critical minerals and a discussion on how governments can maximize the potential.